My Understanding Of The Bible - 934 Words

My understanding of the bible is that it has changed over years. From floods, burning bushes, sea parting, Adam and eve, and god talking to men. The bible has changed the world s view, not every human being believes in the bible. They may see it in a secular point of view, and just think the bible is just made up stories. But others may see it as a guide, manual, the right way Christians but don t live a life of a Christian. This is really something that happens globally for example churches people tend to only want to be told the positive but not the negative, all things should be taught without sugarcoating it. This is called secular humanism, majority of Christians even myself is a secular humanist. Many people drink, smoke, and do ungodly things and when they are questioned about they refer it back to the bible by saying where in the bible does it say that? Which is true where does it say that? There are so many different sayings to the point to where people d on t believe in the bible. You re supposed to live. The Bible is a powerful book and touches many lives; a story from the bible I remember the most is Noah and the Ark. When god sent a flood to destroy the land and gave Noah a message to build an ark and put his family on it. Not many believes that story but i do, some believe the bible isn t real itself but there is proof. A lot of proof from archeologist was pottery, sculptures, and writings found. Not only that but the bibleShow MoreRelatedBiblical Themes Of The Bible1169 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Themes The Bible has numerous themes that influence our lives greatly as believers. In this paper, I will be discussing the biblical themes of Creation, God, Humanity, Sin, The Good Life and Salvation. In order to have a Christian biblical worldview we need to understand what the bible teaches us about these themes. These themes have influenced my beliefs and they affect my everyday life and worldview. I have always believed that what the Bible says about these themes is the truth andRead MoreWebsite Evaluation : Blue Letter Bible1256 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Blue Letter Bible† and its URL is: (http://www.blueletterbible.org/help/videoHelps.cfm#section2). The main reason which gets my attention towards this particular website is its powerful tools which are helpful for complete and comprehensive study of the Bible. Since, I have not study the Bible in my life before this course. So, I need a website which is comprehensive as well as easy to understand. I found this site very helpful for beginner. So, in the beginning of my journey of Bible studies translationRead MoreBishop Spong And The Bible919 Words   |  4 Pagesand incorporates the Bible into society not as fundamental law but by addressing the overall message of God I choose to discuss Bishops Spongs ideas with someone not in this class and I choose to confer on this subject matter with my live in boyfriend Justi n. I felt that discussion on these topics with him would be beneficial not only in the completion of my course work but also contribute to the growth and understanding in our relationship of our beliefs regarding the bible and religion, divorceRead MoreAnalysis and Reflection of Square Peg: Why Wesleyans Arent Fundamentalists1074 Words   |  5 PagesSquare Peg: Why Wesleyans Arent Fundamentalists, a book edited by Al Truesdale and published by Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, examines two significantly different ways of understanding the nature and role of the Bible that mark different parts of Christ’s church. The first is represented by fundamentalism; the second by Wesleyan theology. The goal of the book is to help persons in Wesleyan denominations clearly understand the differences between Wesleyan theology and fundamentalist theologyRead MoreChristian Vs. Christian Home862 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the bible says â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it.† Proverbs 22:6. I’m not sure if I agree with that anymore. Why? Well, my parents raised me as a Christian. I went to church, not faithfully but I went majority of the time. I was in praise dancing and even went to bible study. Now it’s like every since I came to Olivet, I feel as if religion is forced upon me. I didn’t feel this way when I was younger. I’ve departed from giving God my full attentionRead MoreMy View Of Christianity Changed At All Over The Course Of This Quarter?1449 Words   |  6 PagesHas my view of Christianity changed at all over the course of this quarter? That seems to be quite a loaded question. My understanding of Christianity has changed drastically. I have learned where Christianity actually came from, where our roots are. I was really intrigued when we learned about why the Romans let the Jews continue to practice Judaism. The Romans were more interested with how old things were than the actual content of the thing. If Jewish religion wasn’t older than Roman religionRead Morebook review: biblical studies what they dont tell yoi Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pagesnormal bible study. The book seems to be aimed at students beginning their journey of academic biblical studies and is supposed to be used as a guide to get the most out of ones studies. Part Two:                      The first chapter of this book seems to be mainly focused on discussing how bible study and biblical scholarship[1] differ and how different approaches need to be taken to each. Brown made several very interesting points when discussing the difference between bible studyRead MoreThe Place of Scripture in Evangelical, Liberal, and Neo-Orthodox Thought1563 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Scharfe Bible ____ 16 November 13 The Place of Scripture in Evangelical, Liberal, and Neo-Orthodox Thought As part of the Christian faith during 18th century revivals, three practices evolved forming their own interpretation on the place and authority of Scripture in Christian faith. The first of these were the Liberals who viewed themselves as the saviors of a defunct out of date Christianity, they wanted to connect with people and bring them into the faith, not scare them with aRead MoreReflection On My Spiritual Discipline930 Words   |  4 PagesMy spiritual discipline was that I would read the bible everyday for at least 5 minutes at the end of the night. I did this because if I did it at the end of the night I was able then to look and think about my struggles during the day and then I could try to find something to relate in the bible so that I could get though it. I did change one thing during the practice, I changed when I did my practice. I did this because normally I would do it at the very end like close to when I was ready to goRead MoreIs The Bible True?1528 Words   |   7 Pagesâ€Å"Is the Bible True?† In William C. Placher’s article â€Å"Is the Bible True,† he discusses the question of whether the bible is trustworthy or not. He goes about this by taking examples and arguments of other literary work and incorporating them into his article to make or prove a point. The thesis of his essay is, if we believe the bible to be true, then we must put in the work to understand the language. This will enable us to understand the Bible itself. Placher is basically trying to prove to us

Steroids Essay - 950 Words

Steroids, what they are why people use them What are anabolic steroids? â€Å"Anabolic steroids are a group molecules that include the male sex hormone testosterone and synthetic analogs of testosterone† (Taylor,1991) Anabolic steroids are used by many people in sports today due to the rapid increase in muscle mass. Anabolic steroids are made synthetically and are very powerful. â€Å"Recent evidence suggests that there may be over 3,000,000 regular anabolic steroid users in the United States and most of these users buy there steroids illegally† (Taylor,1991) I am interested in finding out more about steroids and its effects. Steroids are used in veterinary medicine. They are used in meat production, to increase muscle in cattle which produces†¦show more content†¦In the 1950s, athletes used anabolic steroids to improve their performance in international competition. In 1956, American doctor John B. Zieglar worked with a drug company to produce anabolic steroids in the United States. Professional athletes particularly football players began using anabolic steroids as early as the 1960s. The health dangers of anabolic steroids were not yet recognized, and athletes obtained steroids from team doctors. When state laws were passed against steroids in the 1960s a black market or illegal trade began for steroids. Steroids eventually found their way into school level athletic programs at both college and high school levels. Most steroid users are not thinking about whether they might be harming their body or not. There are many health consequences of steroid use. There is liver toxicity, infertility, heart disease, and Prostate problems just to name a few. Some physical and side effects of steroid use are things like hair loss, nose bleeds, acne, high blood pressure. Long lasting side effects are things like higher tolerance for pain increased or lowered sex drive, sterility, impotence, increased appetite, and insomnia. â€Å"In male users anabolic steroids can cause the penis to enlarge and the testicles to shrink† (Yesalis, et al.,1998) The permanent irreversible physical side effects of steroid use are much more serious. Anabolic steroids can increase the levels of fat in the blood;Show MoreRelatedSteroid Use Of Bodybuilding And Steroids889 Words   |  4 PagesSteroid Use in Bodybuilding Chayla Vines Clover Park Technical College Abstract [The abstract should be one paragraph of between 150 and 250 words. It is not indented. Section titles, such as the word Abstract above, are not considered headings so they don’t use bold heading format. Instead, use the Section Title style. This style automatically starts your section on a new page, so you don’t have to add page breaks. Note that all of the styles for this template are available on the Home tabRead MoreAnabolic Steroids And Steroids Use1525 Words   |  7 Pagesbeans and hype (Steroids and their). All of these words are slang for the illegal substance known more commonly as anabolic steroids and HGH (human growth hormone). The controversy surrounding anabolic steroids and HGH in sports has stormed to the forefront of the many problems that plague America today. Anabolic steroids are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of the male sex hormone testosterone. Some athletes seeking increased muscular strength and size abuse anabolic steroids (R icki Lewis)Read MoreAnabolic Steroids And Substance Steroids1814 Words   |  8 PagesMerriam-Webster Dictionary anabolic steroids are any of a group of usually synthetic hormones that are derivatives of testosterone, are used medically specially to promote tissue growth, and are sometimes abused by athletes to increase the size and strength of their muscles and improve endurance. The main purpose of anabolic steroids is to gain strength and muscle very quickly and faster than any other drug enhancement. There are many types of models that relate to anabolic steroids. One model is high schoolRead MoreSteroids : Sports And Steroids1169 Words   |  5 PagesPresident George W. Bush says â€Å"Steroids are dangerous in sports and steroids send the wrong message: There are shortcuts to accomplishments and performance is more important than character.† Steroids are a hormone like substance made by the body. 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I’m interested in this question, because that’s the question that truly caught my attention the most and, also keeps me wondering. If people who use it have seen improvement, why do they keep using it. The anabolic steroid also known as the anabolic-androgenic steroid is a drug that athletes use to give more muscle mass to the body and create more testosterone in the body. If traced back to the 1940’s steroids first appeared in Germany. Athletes hadRead MoreEssay on Steroids772 Words   |  4 Pagesmuscular build? Have you ever thought steroids would be a helpful tool in doing so? If you have you must know that steroids are a deadly and illegal drug. After reading my paper I hope that the thought of using steroids will leave your mind forever and encourage you to keep others of them. To understand why you should stay off steroids you must first know what steroids are. The steroid of which you hear most are called, â€Å"anabolic steroids.† This kind of steroid is called anabolic because anabolicRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Abuse666 Words   |  3 Pages Anabolic steroid abuse has become a huge concern among high school athletes. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of athletes using performance enhancing drugs in high school, almost double the number since the 1980s. Student athletes feel that steroids give them a competitive edge that they think they need to boost themselves past competition. Athletes, whether they are young or old, professional or amateur, are always looking to gain an advantage over their opponents to come awayRead More Anabolic Steroids Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages Steroids Probably one of the biggest stories in the news today is steroids in Major League Baseball. This is one of the reasons that I chose to do my research paper on steroids. I knew that it would not be hard to find information on the issue. 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Analysis of the Leadership Style of President Obama free essay sample

President Barack Obama seems to be a transformational leader who wants to achieve a deep change and mobilises therefore a lot of followers. In his election campaign he had three principles: Respect! Empower! Include! He said â€Å"It’s not about me, it’s about you! †. The people felt attracted to Obama and were sure that he will be the perfect President. He received so many donations for his campaign like no president before in the history of the United Stated. He benefited from the big advantage that the people were very dissatisfied with George W. Bush and that they wanted a political change. On the one hand he used social networks and he got in with the young people. On the other hand he managed that everyone felt as a part of the system and hence an incredible enthusiasm was created. The people began to commit with Obama and started to work for him in his so-called Workforce during his election campaign. He did it in the right way while giving them the opportunity to do what they could do best. Slogans like â€Å"Yes, we can! † and â€Å"Change, we can believe in! † underpinned his intention of a radical change, the healing of the sorrows of the Americans and the promise for a better life. But in his time in office turned out that he has still to improve some of his attributes to be a transformational leader. He made some mistakes e. g. in the health insurance reform because he was not so personal like everyone expected. President Obama is not yet a transformational leader like John F. Kennedy or Martin Luther King but in various situations he proved that he has a lot of characteristics of this kind of leader. 1. Introduction The election campaign of Barack Obama from November 2007 to November 2008 was not a normal campaign it was different. He stated in inaugural speech 2008 that a â€Å"new dawn of American leadership is at hand† (Abcnews 2008). The big question is what was different to other campaigns. Was he really a new kind of leader or only another politician? What kind of leadership style did he use and is he still using? This analysis will show which leadership style Barack Obama used in his election campaign from autumn 2007 to November 2008 and how he approached his goals, roles and key tasks. Furthermore it will show if the start of the â€Å"new American leadership† really happened and hether he set a focus on team leadership as well. The analysis is underpinned with the theory of transformational leadership. In the first part of the analysis there will be a detailed definition of the transformational leadership theory. After that there will be an extensive explanation of all the different styles of a transformational leader and afterwards a short definition of the charismatic style of leadership. These theories were selected as they are mentioned numerously in the literature, in the news or in the internet if searching for the leadership style of President Barack Obama. Consequently they will be the base for this survey and will help to expose what kind of leader Obama really is. In the second part of the analysis the theories will be applied to the practice. It will be examined how Obama met the theories and what type of transformational leader he is. Furthermore it will be analysed in detail how he lead his election campaign. At the end of this paper there will be a conclusion with a short summary of the results and some comments on how Barack Obama could improve his leadership style. 2. Analysis A transformational leader recognizes a required deep change and accomplishes a vision to control this change. In normal cases he leads with inspiration and realise the changes with the support of other people who are convinced of the change (Marshall 2011). He has a vision of a better society and his beliefs are based on so-called end-values like freedom, equality and fairness. As a result the leader has to be very active to reach his aims and motives. He identifies the needs of potential followers and goes one step further on. He recognizes higher needs of his followers to engage them completely (Rosenberger 2005). Furthermore he is part of the process to reach the goals and the motives and integrates his followers in this process entirely. He forms – based on values – the political process, mobilises supporters and reacts to the hopes of the followers. If he is doing this well they will relate to the transformational leader and support him on his way. One important fact in this case is that the leader and his followers have to be inseparably connected so that their motivation to reach their goals rises in both (Rosenberger 2005). On top of that Burns (1979) differentiates seven different transformational leader characters: heroic, ideological, intellectual, revolutionary, creative, moral and reform leader. The heroic leadership implies a harmonic relationship between the leader and his followers. Normally it is characterized by a direct contact, e. g. shake hands when the leader is in public. They are especially in societies which are marked by a crisis or a big change. A major point is the non-attendance of a conflict (Lowney 2005). The ideological leader phrases political aims based on a certain ideology. He has a deep persuasion of this worldview and has a clear borderline to the principles of other political groups. The followers know exactly with who they are dealing with (Boal 2006). The intellectual leader is bringing new ideas into the society. He is part of the existing system, criticises and wants to change it. He analysis the established circumstances and creates a vision about prospective and better conditions (Money-Zine 2011). The revolutionary leader wants a complete change of the established social system. He overturns the current system, creates an entire new system and reconstructs the economy, law, medicine and so on (Burns 1979). The creative leader is setting new standards, creates new principles and communicates this to his potential followers. The main difference to the revolutionary leader is that the leader creates something complete new. He has to underpin the ideas with specific politic projects (Rosenberger 2005). The moral leader has to have a relationship to his followers which is based on shared needs, expectations and values. He has to transform these needs, expectations and values so that they are able to see changes (Burns 1979). The reform leader aspires after realising a reform process. He wants to transform the social circumstances and changes something in the established system (Rosenberger 2005). Aside from that the transformational leadership is also known as charismatic leadership. A charismatic leader is dominant, visionary, charismatic, self-confident, is recognized as an agent of change, has the talent to influence other people with inspiring speeches and an intense sense of the moral values of them. A charismatic leader has – as the name implies – charisma. This quality enables a leader to get the support of the voters and the public assistance. Some famous charismatic leaders were John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan or Martin Luther King (Articlesbase 2009). There are a lot of behaviours what describe how the charismatic leader mobilises his followers, e. g. that he articulates a vision in a strong and meaningful message, has high expectations, gives confidence to his supporters, builds identification with his organization or rather his person (Coggins 2009). Barack Obama and his election campaign is a perfect example of the implementation of the transformational leadership. The success that Obama was elected as president was because of his excellent team surrounding him and the systematic implementation of their three principles: Respect! Empower! Include! (Stronger Unions 2009). The so-called â€Å"campaign of change† mobilised nearly 6 million followers within only one year. Obama and his team received donations in the amount of over 650 million US dollar. Not only the amount of the money was very respectable but also that more than half of the donations were from single persons who spend under 250 US dollar each. Never before in the history were people spending more money for a political campaign (Associated Content 2009). What did he do different? How did President Obama mobilise so many followers? He requested the people to be committed with the political topics which they were interested in. â€Å"It’s not about me. It’s about you! † (The Washington Times 2009). He invited everyone to get involved however they want. Some people supported the campaign over the phone, some went from door to door, some provided their living rooms, their kitchens, their garages or their phones, some baked cakes and sold them in the cities and some were involved as security forces at public assemblies. Moreover they organised private call centre and wrote innumerable letters or appeals for donations and donated a lot of money themselves. Everyone could do what he was able to do best and for what he had time for. Hence President Obama believed in the performance capability of the people and gave them the framework to develop themselves. This was underpinned with the word â€Å"Respect! † and â€Å"Empower! †. The word â€Å"Include! † described the identification with the main aim and the feeling to be welcome in the team. Nobody was forced to be part of the â€Å"Obama campaign† (Wirtschaftspsychologischer Dienst 2011). Obama knew that the he could reach the best results when the people would have fun at work. The intrinsic motivation of the most followers was the change of the political climate and the government. â€Å"We are fed up with bush! † (Undiplomatic 2008). He managed that everyone felt to be a part of the system. Indeed is the influence of each voter not really high but in normal cases is everyone searching for followers and tries to influence his family, his neighbourhood, his friends or his colleagues. In times of social networks is the word-of-mouth recommendation still higher and all these steps were the beginning of the so-called â€Å"Workforce† of Barack Obama with him as the top (Dr. Blaschka Consulting GmbH 2011). But he also made some mistakes in his transformational leadership style, for example dealing with the big issue of the health care insurance for everyone in the United States. He saw this problem and invested a lot of power and time in it but he made some mistakes. A lot of reporters stated that Obama allocated the work of convincing the people to the congressional leaders. He should have campaigned more personal. This topic was one of the largest issues in his time in office and he was not the engaged leader as everyone expected him to be. Furthermore the news published that he did not used the power of his office to receive the required votes. In normal cases transformational leaders are using every possibility to reach the change. Barack Obama is a mixture of a heroic, an intellectual, a moral and a reform leader. He has of each of the four types a few characteristics. First of all he has a lot attributes of a heroic leader. He has a very good relationship to his followers and mobilised a lot of them like stated above. Obama went to the late night show of Jay Leno, showed attendance at a lot basketball games and establishes a good reputation in the Latino community because he appeared a few times on Spanish language television. To sum up he has a very close contact to his followers and you can see him nearly every day in the public view. His appearance acts supportive to his heroic leadership style. He is clever and comes across well on camera. His approval rating in America is over 50% and the people think that he is well-suited for a 21st century president (Hubpages 2010). Furthermore he is not only connected to the people in the US. In 2008 he has been to Germany and delivered a speech to over 200. 000 people. The people think that he is a real heroic leader and he has nothing but the interests of the people and the nation on his mind (Garbijman 2009). In the second place he is in one sense also an intellectual leader. Already before he decided to be a politician he was eloquent, wrote books and some people said that he wrote like a philosopher or poet. He brought a lot of new ideas into the government and created a vision which the people loved. A leader who is doing this has to be intelligent or rather sophisticated (Dr. Blaschka Consulting GmbH 2011). In the third place President Obama has a lot of characteristics of a moral leader. He even formulated a moral leadership for the US. He bets on the so-called â€Å"soft power†, i. e. the power of the classic diplomacy, the power of a good example and the power of mutual respect. This also includes the international relationships, e. g. with the United Nations. He delivered speeches in Cairo and Prague, made an offer for reconciliation to the Moslems and has still the vision of a multipolar and nuclear-free world. Since he made these things Russia for example renegotiated with the USA because they stated that they are willing again to hear what Barack Obama has to say (Stern 2009). Finally the fourth transformational leadership style of President Obama is that of the reform leader. In 2009 he started to promote his health insurance reform. On the one hand he spoke to the people in America. He delivered speeches, was present at town meetings and gave a lot of interviews in different TV shows. He argued to the people with a lot of different reasons. He said for example that there will be a reduction of expenses in the long term or an insurance coverage for so many people as possible. In addition to this he said to those people who are not able to pay they will get help and those who are satisfied with the current coverage will only get a premium reduction. On the other hand he spoke to the lawmakers, in most times in one-on-one discussions. His brilliant public power of persuasion encouraged the people to agree to the reform of President Obama. He performed as an excellent reform leader to establish the health insurance reform in the United States (Associated Content 2009). The charismatic leadership style is one of the most discussed topics on Barack Obama. In his election campaign he created an incredible enthusiasm at the young people in America. He played the role of something like a â€Å"regenerative healer† (Articlesbase 2009). He said in different speeches that schools in America are crumbling, that millions of people in the United States are having a lot of problems in their life like high invoices for gas or no health insurance. He continued and said that they are in need of a political reformation and if he is allowed to do this, they will leave behind a stronger America to their children. Based on these statements he formed the slogans â€Å"Yes, we can! † and â€Å"Change, we can believe in! †. In other words his charismatic leadership was underpinned with the belief of a radical change, the healing of their sorrows in America and the promise for a better life. But he did not only prove his charismatic leadership style in his election campaign. Since he has been elected as President he stays accessible to the citizens in the US. He often shows himself in the internet media like Youtube, Facebook or MySpace and is thereby connected to the younger generation. Further on he travels abroad a lot – more than any President before and he visited more than 85 public events just in his first 100 days in office (Coggins 2009). President Obama has this attribute that he does not use an authoritarian or a conservative leadership style; he has intuition and is sympathetic so that he convinces people with his incredible persuasive speeches and his characteristics. The big question for the future is if he is able to accomplish all of his promises and in which way he will do the promised change in America (Articlesbase 2009). 3. Conclusion Barack Obama inspired a lot of people with his election to be the President of the United States of America. Everybody knows that he is a transformational character in the world scene but this paper analysed more precisely if he is also a transformational leader. Especially in his election campaign he showed a lot of transformational leadership abilities. A lot of people compared him with leading figures like John F. Kennedy or Martin Luther King. He mobilised a lot of followers with his convincing speeches and his charisma who donated so much money like never before in a political campaign. The people began to commit with Obama and started to work for him in his so-called Workforce. He did it in the right way while giving them the opportunity to do what they could do best. Furthermore he convinced the American people by talking about change and a new America. He used the unpopularity of the Bush government and knew that everyone wanted to a have this change. But going forward to his time in office he made some mistakes for a transformational leader, e. g. in the health insurance reform. He has to solve some problems more personally and has to be closer to the public. If he is able to re-integrate the people in his leadership and engage them like he did it in times of his election campaign, he will be more a transformational leader. Therefore it can be said in summary that President Barack Obama is not yet a complete transformational leader. The overall impression shows that he is on the right way and has a lot of good characteristics as he has shown in his election campaign from autumn 2007 to November 2008. But in his time in office turned out that he has still to improve some of his attributes to be this transformational leader.

Project Management Transactions on Engineering

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Transactions on Engineering. Answer: Introduction Project is a temporary aspect that is decided to be done within a certain time limit. A project defines some scope and resources (Allen, 2014). Project is specifically defined as the particular aspect that does not consists of some specific routine operations but have a particular set of operations that have specific goal. One project may consider their member from different geographic regions with no similarities within them. The definition of project management is: it is the application of skills, knowledge, techniques and tools to meet the project requirements according to the goal decided by the team members of the project (Hodgson Paton, 2016). In addition to this, the project manager plays a great role in case of managing the project. The role of the project managers highlights many success factors in case of project management. Their roles and responsibilities vary according to the environment and context of the project changes. This essay is elaborating the role of the project managers in the project management with respect to different environment and contexts. The processes centralizing the ideologies used in a project are the core responsibility of the project manager. Role of the project manager A project manager is very important part of any project. The total aspect is not only controlled but also arranged in a proper sequence of work that will help the project to gain success (Kerzner, 2013). In contrast with this aspect the various roles and responsibilities of the project manager should have to be discussed with respect to the project management (Chipulu et al., 2013). According to Mintzbergs management roles there are manly three roles that can be specified for the project managers: interpersonal roles, informational roles and decisional roles. Interpersonal role: These roles are concerned with the roles and responsibilities of the manager with respect to the relations and behaviour they present in front of individuals. According to the name of the significant role it explains nature and behaviour of the leader while considering the communication and contacts of them (Medina Medina, 2014). There are mainly there interpersonal roles that justify a project managers character. Figurehead: the symbolic social and legal duties are represented by this interpersonal role of the project manager. All of the social, inspirational, legal and ceremonial obligations are considered as the figurehead (Bredillet et al., 2015). According to this context, the manager is considered as the symbol of authority and status. Leader: It is the duty of the leader to make proper communication with their employees and build good relationship with them to provide them motivation and support in their work field (Mossalam Arafa, 2015). The duty is concerned as the heart of the manager- subordinate relationship and includes structuring and motivating subordinates. Recognition of promotional factors, supply of proper motivational aspect and proper balancing of the team effectiveness must be the intentions of the leader. Liaison: This aspect is concerned with maintaining the contacts with the people outside the work environment. This process is mainly utilized for gathering more information from the people working outside of the work environment (Burke, 2013). The knowledge base of project managers is improvised by engaging with the outside network of the work environment. Informational role: This role of the project manager introduces collection, dissemination and receiving of the information from various resources (Gonzlez et al., 2016). There are three crucial informational roles of the project managers. These are explained as follows. Monitor: Monitoring techniques are concerned with the external and internal information about issues that may affect the organizational goals and objectives. Duties of the project manager in this role are to recognize the organizational problems as well as opportunities that the company may utilize to improve (Gacasan et al., 2016). Disseminator and spokesperson: Disseminators transmits the information to the internal sources of organization and the spokesperson transmits the information to the external resources of the organisation. Decisional role: This role of the project manager is concerned with the making choices. The interpersonal role of the manager leads to the decisional role (Kelly et al., 2013). There are total four decisional roles of project managers, these are explained as follows. Entrepreneur: The entrepreneur is defined as the designer, initiator and encourages a change towards the way of innovation (Marion Jr et al., 2014). This encourages the entrepreneur to innovate thee project design and achieve the success. Disturbance handler: The unexpected situation the organization faces during any operation management process the disturbances handler role manages these difficulties (Sadeghi et al., 2014). It is generalized role of the project manager that takes the charge when the company is facing trouble. Resource allocator: The project manager is also considered as the resource allocator of concerned organization. This role operates time management, funding, human resource and other significant changes (Allen, 2014). This role helps the project manager to improve the financial condition as well as the condition of the organization. Negotiator: Negotiation is one of the most important roles of the project manager that improvise the areas of responsibility of the project manager (Haughey, 2013). This is one of the integral characteristic for the project manager. Role of a project manager in various environments and contexts In the contemporary time the role of the project manager is crucial for developing any project, it may be any kind sector such as: international or virtual projects, IT project or small and mid size business projects. Each of these projects involves the role of project within it (Hodgson Paton, 2016). The concerned description about the role of the project manager is described in this part of the essay that comprised of the three project environments. These environments are: international and virtual environment, IT sector and small and mid size business environment. Virtual and international business environment: In case of the international and virtual project management the importance of the project manager mitigates the cultural differences between the different organizations (Kerzner, 2013). These cultural difference impacts on the team-building and goal setting of the project. It is also important to look into the matter concerned with the self- direction of the team. The nature of the international projects needs to focus on the communication and risk assessment techniques related to the project (Chipulu et al., 2013). The empirical research did on the role of thee project manager shows that they play a great role in solving these problems with the help of their skills and knowledge. In case of the international projects there are not only the cultural differences but also there are differences in mind sets that affect the goal orientation of the project (Medina Medina, 2014). Problems related to languages and concepts about the work culture sometimes make the employees uncomfortable and inefficient during their work that harms the total project. To solve these problems the project manager should have proper skill and knowledge of tackling the people by mitigating their demands as well as by maintaining the objectives of the project (Bredillet et al., 2015). These aspect leads to the success of the project. The motivational and inspirational perspective of the project manager leads guide the employees for getting their work done in proper and right way that leads to the success of the project (Mos salam Arafa, 2015). The cultural norms and values of the individual member of the any project should be considered first by the project manager (Burke, 2013). This aspect leads to the proper team building by the project manager. The project manager utilizes several protocols for solving the problems raised within the project. Role of the Project Manager in IT Project Management: IT project management is concerned with the software development, hardware installation, up-gradation of the networks, cloud computing, virtualization rollouts and management of data. These aspects provide the proper knowledge to the project manager for the development and implementation of the process needed for the project (Gonzlez et al., 2016). There are several aspects that may affect the success of the project, such as: change in the infrastructure, updated software and hardware set-up and risks factors that are involved in the progress of the project. The new arrived technological perspectives are not introduced to many organizations, so the project leaders of those organizations should be aware of the development procedure of those technologies within their organization or project groups (Gacasan et al., 2016). The project manager of any IT project should have the knowledge of following aspects to guide the project properl y. Role of the project manager in Initiation stage: It is the duty of the project manager to establish a well structured project. In this stage the project charter is created by the project manager. Role of the project manager in planning stage: The project manager takes decisional steps to choose software and hardware set-ups in this stage with consulting with their project members that provides the project a successful conclusion (Kelly et al., 2013). Role of the project manager in Execution stage: The project planning stage introduces the execution stage of the project. The project manger guides the project member for creating the deliverables needed to build the IT infrastructure of the project (Marion Jr et al., 2014). If the project needs the project planning stage further then the project manager transfer the project to the planning stage to the planning stage from the execution stage. Role of the project manager in controlling and monitoring the project: The project manager has the responsibility to check the progress of the progress of the project at each stage of the project (Sadeghi et al., 2014). The scope, quality and risks are assessed by the project managers in this stage. Role of the project manager in closing the project: At the last stage of the project it is the duty of the project manager to check the feasibility of the project through the IT infrastructure set- up. Role of the project manager in small to medium sized company: Small scale and medium size industries plays a great role in case of the economic development of ay country or any organization (Allen, 2014). Therefore the project management should be to some extent effective to provide better economic development. According to the research done on the small and medium sized industries, it is found that they dont spend more turnovers on their project management tools. This is because their companies are small as well as their projects are. Therefore, the project manager of the small and medium scale industries should have to be more skilled in order to use the project management tools within a certain amount of cost that the small scale industries can bear (Marion Jr et al., 2014). Innovative ideas and improvisation of the project management techniques leads to the development of the small and medium size industries. There are several project management tools that can improvise the situa tion of the small scale industries (Gonzlez et al., 2016). The project manager should focus in these perspectives for developing their projects as well as their industry. The above mentioned perspective helps the project manager to improve the project management techniques with the small and medium sized enterprises. Conclusion Project management is defined as the regulated and goal oriented plan for establishing any objectives with respect to the demands of any concerned organization. In addition to this, project manager play a great role in case project management. The role of the project manager clarifies the goals and objectives of the project as well as improvises the internal and external relationships needed for the development of the organization. A project manager utilizes their power, skill knowledge and experience to gather support for the organizational development. These roles of the project manager differs when the environment and context is changed. This essay has elaborated the specific roles important for the project manager to manage a project specifically and obtain the results. 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